Miss Georgiou - Research into my chosen music genre

I have decided to branch out into the indie music genre for when coming to create my music video alongside my group. I feel as if this genre would be the best to branch out to due to a number of reasons, including the diversity which can be included within the video in regards to conventions, alongside filming restrictions. I am particularly interested in the indie music genre as it is more unique to that of the other potential genres which I could pick, to which with this genre what can be included throughout can be more diverse and offbeat to that of other genres characteristics.

I have decided to choose one of the indie artist Hoozier's song "take me to church" to look at, to which within the music video a large number of conventions. The song and music video itself is incredibly popular, receiving a large number of views on YouTube and being present on music channels and radio stations frequently. 

The first convention I have identified within the music video which is very common throughout the indie music genre is the inclusion of having retro items throughout, and giving the song and music video itself to have a old feel towards it. A clear example of this is evident at the very beginning of the music video throughout the presence of having an old fashioned music player, although alongside this there are multiple other examples of retro equipment which can be seen throughout the duration of the video. This could be done for a number of reasons, first of which could be to create an old fashioned feel towards the video, to which could assist towards the portrayal of the narrative which can be seen throughout. This could also be done to assist with showing additional emotion of the people within the music video. This is generic for the indie music genre, as the songs and music videos for such often show a narrative throughout (which is present throughout this), to which portraying more feeling through the use of visuals which is made possible through the presence of the music video, it enables for a fuller experience for the viewer, making it generally more appealing for the target audience.

Another convention which can be seen throughout the video, which links towards the video supporting Goodwin's music theory, which is the presence of having a narrative which is portrayed throughout the duration of the video. This is evident here, as from the beginning to the very end go of the video, the visuals gradually progress from the beginning of the video to the end. Evidence of the visuals progressing can be seen through the use of editing, specifically a jump cut to which the group of youths arrive at the older adults house. Due to the use of the black and white throughout the video which appears to be another genre convention of indie videos, this enables for the story to have a dark and retro feel towards it, to which appealing towards the target audience of that of indie music fans aged 15 and onwards. This is as it makes the narrative come across as being unorthodox, giving it a different specific through the use of change in saturation of the visuals, to which the viewer may appreciate due to the authenticity created through doing this, making the video for a mainstream song offbeat and different. This is as despite it containing genre conventions throughout, some conventions which many would expect to be included aren't present, the main one being the artist not being present throughout, as well as the lack of having no musical instruments throughout.

The last convention which I have identified throughout the music video is related towards the setting of the music video, to which the visuals which can be seen throughout are that of urban settings, which consist of parks, pathways, residential areas and such. This is can be specifically seen near the later segments of the song, to which streets, paths and the residential areas can be seen as being the main settings, although at the beginning the settings are still of broken down and urban areas. This is conventional of the indie genre as the settings and locations which are present throughout are often of a low budget, which is done for a number of reasons. One main reason which isn't in fact present in this music video is to enable for the main focus of the visuals to be upon the artist and there performance, although neither of which are present. Despite this, another way in which this is usually used is present within the video, which is to enable for the visuals to focus upon the narrative, making the viewer focus more upon the story. Having the low budget settings is also done as the shots are easy to gather, to which being able to portray a mysterious and dark setting, which links towards the nature of the narrative throughout the video. This is appealing towards the target audience as the use of these settings makes the audience find the narrative of the video more engaging. 

Throughout the music video, the use of mise-en-scene has a multiple number of purposes behind it, to which within this particular music video it is to convey certain feelings towards the target audience and the viewer. One example which can be gathered from throughout is that of the use of the bomb fire at the beginning of the video, relating towards the positioning of the characters and items within the frame. Having this straight at the beginning of the music video directly in the middle of the frame, being the focus establishes the nature of the music video straight from the off for the viewer, through the negative associations which are usually connected with fires and flames, often with violence. For this reason, this is appealing towards the target audience as it caters this directly towards the viewer at the beginning, being the main focus and alerting them towards the feeling of the music video at the beginning. This is conventional to the indie genre due to the presence of focusing the visuals upon something of connoted meaning, as indie songs and music videos often work upon the principal of portraying emotion towards the audience, or a message or value.

Within the video, in regards to mise-en-scene once again, the use of settings and location in which the video is shown is done to the purpose of assisting with the portrayal of the narrative which can be seen throughout, making the lyrics and visuals of the video correlate. As mentioned previously, the locations which are featured are that of urban areas, be that streets and residential areas, to which can be specifically seen near the middle segment of the narrative and music video. This has multiple purposes towards it relating to both the conventions of the genre as well as its appeal towards the target audience. Firstly it is a very common convention which is seen throughout the indie genre, to which the settings are often very cheap and easy to film, either for the sake of the artist being small and reasonably unknown, which isn't the case of this video, however the other purpose is that it relates to the song and the atmosphere and setting which would be associated with such. This is appealing towards the target audience as they are able to see a accurate portrayal of the narrative and concept which is trying to be portrayed through the everyday and urban settings, to which are relatable also as the settings aren't unfamiliar to the audience, which may enable for the message of the video to be shown in a clearer light.

The use of the element within mise-en-scene of costumes, hair and makeup, similar to that of the visuals of the location links towards the narrative of the video and general feel which is shown throughout to the viewer. The artist is not present within the video so the portrayal of them isn't evident, however the actors which are present throughout the video can be seen very dull coloured clothing, every day wear. This could potentially be done for a multiple number of reasons, firstly relating towards the indie genre and conventions, as well as the general purpose of the video. Throughout the genre, it is stereotypical for the actors to be wearing this clothing for the reason of the videos often being very budget and realistic to everyday life, to which is evident throughout the visuals behind the video. Through the portrayal of the characters which is achieved through this, it is appealing towards the target audience through the relatable element which is achieved through such, portraying those throughout the video as being everyday people which may result in the viewer/ listener to relate to the lyrics.

The people that can be seen on screen during the duration of the music videos facial expressions and body language often mimic that of the feeling in which they are portraying towards the viewer. Once again the only facial expressions and body language which can be seen is that of the external actors, to which it is evident that both of which are done to portray there emotions towards the viewer. An example of this can be taken near the beginning segment of the music video where one of the characters can be seen with a stern and unpleased facial expression, to which is shown during the part in which he is watching a gay couple meet each other. This clearly demonstrates his displease for what is happening on screen, to which is portrayed to the viewer. As songs within the indie genre are often heavily based upon narrative and concept, the portrayal of the characters emotions through the use of visuals is appealing towards the target audience as it gives them a reason to want to watch the music video oppose to just listening to the song.

Overall, the Lighting and colour of the music video would be considered as being very generic and conventional to that of the indie genre, the video starting and ending with having a black and white effect added in. This is a feature which seems to be apparent throughout a very large portion of music videos belonging to the indie genre, making it a very common convention, and with good reason and purpose behind it. In this particular instance, through the constantly eerie visuals, this portrays a dark atmosphere of the video as a whole to the viewer. This is beneficial as the concept behind the music video and portrayal of this is rather dark, which corresponds with the visuals. This is beneficial to the viewer as it gives them a more impacting music video to watch due to the change in lighting, making the overall portrayal of feelings impact more apparent. Another reason as to why this element is convention relates back to the production of the video itself, the indie genre often having low budget videos which have a retro feel, to which the black and white only assists with giving the video a retro element to it, as well as it coming across as being dull/ plain. This may come across as giving the video a cheap feel to it because of the colourless visuals, as high budget music videos are often very bright and colourful.

Throughout the video, there are a number of main camera shots which are frequently included throughout the duration of the video, two types noticeably being the most commonly used. The first of which is the use of using mid shots, which is done on a number of occasions. One I gathered in particular was that of an old fashioned style TV. Not being the only instance in which this shot is used, the purpose of it in this instance could possible relate to the visibility of the surrounding setting and the visuals on the television itself. As the camera isn't fully zoomed in towards the visuals, it allows for the viewer to see that the television is that of one which would be expected of have been found during the 1990s or around that type of time. This may have relevance as the presence of the television itself relates towards a common convention of the indie genre mentioned previously of being that the videos often have a retro items within them, and are often cheap and low budget. Through this the item of the television can be seen alongside the visuals on the TV itself, from doing this allowing for the portrayal of the narrative and concept to be easier.

Another camera shot which is frequently used throughout the music video is that of a close up/ extreme close up, to which this is often done to capture the facial expressions of the characters throughout the music video. As mentioned previously, an example to take from this is that of the man witnessing the gay couple meet each other. Through enabling the facial expression of the character to be seen, it allows for the viewer to get a greater insight towards the emotions of the characters, which in turn makes for a better narrative. This is beneficial towards the viewer as they get a more interactive and more impacting experience of the music video through this.

There are a multiple number of editing styles which are evident throughout, two of which being more noticeable than the others. The first of which being the use of jump cuts, more noticeably at the beginning of the music video to which the camera changes from focusing upon the fire, then changing to focus to the character present throughout the video, in the beginning riding his bike. Through jumping the scenery from the fire to the character, the connecting the two could relate towards the conflict in the character throughout the video and narrative, due to the conflicting images which are seen. This is appealing towards the target audience as it demonstrates a potential connoted meaning behind the visuals and choice of editing styles, to which is catered towards the target audience as it is that of an older and more mentally developed audience. This is conventional to the indie general as through the use of this editing style, the portrayal of a deeper meaning is evident, to which indie songs often go out to portray said deeper meanings towards the target audience, catering it towards them through providing an intellectual appeal.

The second editing style which is evident throughout the music video is that of fast editing, which occurs near the later end of the music video. This is done to collate a large number of shots in quick succession to speed up the visuals on screen, to which what can be seen is the beginning of the end of the developing narrative. Through doing this, it is appealing towards the target audience as it keeps them on edge in regards to the visuals, also by doing so drawing more significance towards them. The use of fast editing within this music video is conventional to the indie genre, as it once again draws more significance towards the visuals and the story that is being told, allowing for a generally more exciting and entertaining experience for potential younger viewers as the target audience for this video is wider than that of other indie artists due to the songs popularity, for which reason segments such as this appeal towards those outside of the common indie genre fan base.

The target audience by Hoosier for his music video "take me to church" more likely leans more towards it being that of an older group of people, potentially ranging from older teenagers to middle aged people. I believe this is due to the conventions which are present throughout the video, and because of the song belonging to the indie genre. This is as fans of the indie genre usually are that of an older audience, usually due to the nature of the songs and the elements which can be found throughout. Because of this, the conventions which are done to cater towards the target audience are things such as the video having retro items/ themes shown throughout, and for a large amount of indie music videos being that they are edited to be black and white. Retro items are present throughout the video, alongside the visuals being edited to be black and white, as well as the concept behind the video being portray is that of an adult nature. For these reasons, it is clearly evident that the music video is catered towards an audience of people aged potentially from 21 - over for these reasons.

The artist Hoosier is not in fact present throughout this music video of his, which is in fact very unconventional of the indie genre and music videos as a whole. Due to this, it could in fact portray the artist in a certain way despite them not in fact being present in screen. This is as it may show him as wishing to go against convention and to provide with different and unorthodox content, possibly showing him as wishing to be different to that of other artists within the indie genre, without staying too far away from conventions through the presence of very common ones such as having the visuals as being black and white. This could have been done for the reasoning behind the video and the concept, as having the artist performing on screen may cause the viewers attention to be take away from the visuals of that and focusing towards the artist instead. Despite this, this could portray the artist and possibly being insecure or simply not wishing to show himself in this particular video, wanting his viewers and fan base to focus upon the lyrics and visuals more than the artist.

The music video follows the style of being heavily narrative based, having no performances being present throughout as the artist is not in fact present throughout the visuals, and there is no clear concept behind the video although there are a few ideas which could possibly be getting connoted towards the viewer and target audience. As mentioned previously, through not having the artist on screen this could be done to assist towards the portrayal of the narrative. Having segments in which the artist is present on screen playing an instrument for example may drift the viewers attention away from potentially the main aspect of the video, being the visuals of the narrative. Through doing this, it makes it apparent that the important elements of the video come through the lyrics of the song itself, as well as the visuals and ideals of the music video.

Goodwin's music theory points are present during a number of segments throughout the video, although as the song and music genre falls into the indie genre, the visuals and ideas behind the video are rather abstract so only a number of aspects which would be expected to be present throughout a standard music video are present. One of which that is evident through a number of music videos is that of the video often having an element of having inter textual reference. This is evident on a number of occasions, one particular example which can be taken is that of the television which can be seen near the later end of the music video. This is conventional to the indie genre as the budgets for the music videos are often low, so forms of low key advertisement such as this could be done to provide for addition income for the artist to enable for better content in the future. Although, as this video got such a large number of views, and the artist is well known for it now, the use of having inter textual reference throughout must have been beneficial due to the number of people which have viewed it.

Another Goodwin's theory point which is evident throughout is that of the presence of the music video having a concept, performance and narrative. This is as throughout this music video, it is evident that there is a concept behind the video, as well there being a narrative for the viewer, although despite this there is no performance which can be seen due to the artist not being present on the video. This is conventional to the indie genre as if the videos aren't centred around the artist and there performance, it often gravitates towards being based upon a deeper meaning, and a narrative which is appealing towards the target audience.

The next music video I shall look at is "When the night comes falling from the sky" by Bob Dylan, to which falls under the indie genre also. One noticeable element straight from the off within this video

Throughout the music video, there are a number of codes and conventions of the indie genre which are present throughout the video. As mentioned previously, the one which was most noticeable to myself in comparison to the previous video is that the artist is actually present within this one, and can be seen performing to the viewer. This is a very common convention of music videos as a whole, however more so for the indie genre do the songs often conveying a lot of emotion through the lyrics, which emits off the artist and there performance. Also, as solo indie artists aren't usually particularly popular or run on a low budget, through having there face present throughout a lot of the video it makes for a form of advertisement as the artists face may get more well known and get more exposure from this. Having the artists performance being seen on the video is appealing towards the viewer also as fans of the artist get to actually see the artist performance the songs with visuals alongside the lyrics, which may assist towards fully portraying the emotions of the song. Also, through having live performances present as the music video, this may entice people that enjoyed the music video to buy a concert ticket to watch them live, benefiting the artist through having a larger fan base and more income.

Throughout the video, the settings and props which are used are certainly conventional to the indie music genre, and music videos as a whole. Throughout many segments of the song, the artist and there back up performers can be seen using musical instruments, specifically drum sets and guitars. Both of which are often present throughout the overwhelming majority of music videos which fall into the indie genre, unless the artist isn't present throughout and the video is heavily narrative or concept based. Through this mise-en-scene use in particular, it enables for the artist to identify the music video as being conventional as they would expect for the artist to be using such props throughout the video. For this reason it is appealing towards the target audience as the music video doesn't stray far away from convention this way, due to this being an element with music videos which are essential for the most part when it comes to a music video which is heavily centred around performance an visuals.

Within the music video, the use of costumes, hair and makeup is conventional to that of the indie genre and is what the viewer would expect to find when watching the music video. The clothing of everyone before performing on stage is very basic and dull, being more everyday wear. Through doing this, it portrays them as being down to earth individuals. This is appealing towards the target audience as they may be able to relate to the artist and the back up performers because of this, due to there down to earth and everyday portrayal. This is conventional to the indie genre as the artists as individuals are rarely ever shown as being an extraordinary person or star, enabling for the audience to relate to them, which can make them potentially relate to there songs as indie songs are often either personal or have a large degree of emotion behind them, making the viewer possibly be able to appreciate this more because of it coming across in a relatable way.

The facial expressions and body language of the characters throughout are often shown as being either glum or happy, being no noticeable instance of there being one in between. During shots in which the artist is present and they are performing of stage, he and his back up performers are shown as having positive body language and facial expressions, portraying them as being happy. In one particular shot which can be seen near the end of the music video in which a girl is shown with a glum facial expression (possibly linking towards a potential narrative of the video), her emotions are clearly shown towards the viewer. This is conventional of the indie genre as they are often known as showing a high degree of emotion throughout the songs, through the use of both the lyrics and incorporating them into a music video, the visuals of such further emphasising the feelings the characters are showing throughout in a clearer light. This is appealing towards the target audience and viewer of the video as the artist is portrayed as being happy, to which provides with generally a happier viewing experience, paired alongside the emotions of others throughout.



The lighting and colour of the music video is noticeable instantly straight from the off as being similar to that of the previous video, having a black and white affect filtered onto the video. This is very conventional of the indie genre and is present through a large number of indie genre music videos, to which is done for a number of reasons. As the songs often portray a retro feel towards them, this assists in doing so, the songs doing this as they often correlate towards the lyrics, and in this case the artist and there style of music, as Bob Dylan is a rather old indie artist to which his content reflects this. This is appealing towards the target audience which the majority of indie songs cater towards an older target audience of being 18- due to the elements and conventions which are seen throughout, so through making the visuals black and white this enables for an old fashioned like experience which gives the video and authentic feel, potentially making the lyrics seem more appealing and meaningful for the viewer.

The positioning of characters/ objects in the frame within this particular music video doesn't have that strong of an impact towards the viewer in comparison to the other elements of mise-en-scene which are used. An example in which this is used however can be taken from the positioning of the characters when they are performing on stage to the crowd, to which the artist Bob Dylan is placed directly in the middle of the set of performers. This is done to have the main focus upon the artist, which correlates with the video and indie genre as the artist is often the main aspect within the video. Having the artist as the main focus has a large number of benefits towards such, both relating to the artist themselves and the target audience, making them to be more of a presence in general which allows for the viewer to gain a better perspective on them. For these benefits of the positioning of the characters this is conventional to the genre and music videos as a whole, allowing for multiple benefits for both parties; the audience and artist.

Throughout the music video, there are multiple instances that can be take in which cinemagraphy use is evident through the use of camera shots, to which where some are used more than others throughout the video and that are commonly used throughout indie genre music videos. The first of which that can be take is the use of close ups/ extreme close ups, specific examples which can be taken from the video being of the artist Bob Dylan during his performance segment near the later end of the video. This is done to show the artist as being the main focus, giving the viewer a better perspective of them, to which is conventional of the indie genre; having the artist as the main viewpoint. This is beneficial for the audience as they get a better perspective on the artist, being able to see there performance through the visuals and there facial expressions.

Another camera shot which is used on a number of occasions is that of a low angle shot, more often during segments in which the artist is performing, which is evident near the later segment of the music video. This is a common camera shot across music videos as a whole and many different forms of visual media, to which it portrays the individual as looking superior and generally bigger. This is conventional to music videos and the indie genre as it shows the artist in an extraordinary light, which is evident throughout this.


Within this music video by Bob Dylan, alongside the use of cinematography, mise-en-scene and various other media techniques, multiple different editing styles. One of which that is used on a multiple number of occasions is that of a jump cut, from which the camera goes from the originally setting of the bus seen at the beginning of the music video, to that of the artist and back up performers performing on stage. This drastic change in visuals draws more attention to the viewer, alerting them to the change in scenery. Because of this it enables them to once again be the focus of the views. This is beneficial for the audience as it draws there attention towards the artist, giving them a fresh new image to focus upon, and being that of the main element of the song and video.

Similar to that of the previous video shown, I believe the target audience of this particular music video by Bob Dylan is similar, although not exactly the same. As the previous artists video had received such a large amount of publicity and was generally very popular amongst a large number of different sub cultures, it still appealed towards your standard indie audience although it was able to branch out from just this. Within this video, the focus is more upon that of the visuals of the performance of the artist oppose to the narrative or a potential meaning behind it, for that reason being more conventional towards that of the indie genre as the majority of the focus is upon the artists themselves. For this reason the target audience would be that of a mature group of those aged 18 and over, due to a number of elements which are found throughout, to which are present for the reason of appealing towards the target audience and viewer.

Throughout the video, unlike the previous music video the artist is present, for this reason the portrayal of them is evident through the onscreen visuals. Bob Dylan is portrayed in a number of ways throughout the video, originally being shown as being ordinary, to them being shown as being extraordinary. This occurs when at the beginning he is shown wearing standard everywhere clothing alongside his back up performers, to which shortly after this he and the others are shown on stage, to which they are accompanied by a large crowd of fans watching them and people attempting to watch them. For this reason, it appeals towards the audience in a number of ways through the divide which is created through this. From the artist as being portrayed as both ordinary and extraordinary, it makes relatable, but also to the point where the viewer can aspire to be like them as they are still shown in this slightly higher light. This is conventional to the indie genre as there is often a connection/ relationship created between the artist and viewer, which is achieved through the relatable aspect of such.

When it comes to the style of the music video being shown, it is subjective as to whether or not the music video has a narrative towards it  as there is one instance which hints towards this, however one style which is clearly evident is that of performance. This is as the artist can be seen at the middle and end segments of the song performing it while playing his instrument. In regards to the potential narrative, near the segments in which the artist is playing, a young woman (seen through the use of shallow focus) can be seen looking glum, to which she is shown to the viewer a number of times throughout watching the performance, to which near the end she is shown walking off. Having an element of performance is conventional to that of music videos as a whole, although more so with the indie genre and especially solo artists as the focus of the song and lyrics are often upon them, being beneficial for promotional reasons and audience benefits. An audience benefit of this is that they can watch the artist perform the song live, enabling for them to see the emotion which the artists portray throughout and there ability in regards to playing there instrument's, all of which is beneficial as this cant be achieved through just the song alone.

Throughout the video, some of Goodwin's music theory points are evidently seen. The one which is most evident is that of the song primarily being narrative, concept or performance based. As mentioned previously, despite the potential possibility for a narrative being shown and there being a lack of a concept, one element which is seen and that's evident throughout is that of being performance. A particular example of this can be taken near the later end of the music video, to which the rest of the song is a performance from the artist and back up performers. This is conventional to the indie genre and evident throughout a large number of indie songs, for the reason being the multiple benefits of the artist being the main focus. Although this aspect of Goodwin's theory is present, no other examples appear to be present throughout.


Summary

The research I have conducted into the chosen music genre of my choice (the indie genre) will assist me towards planning my own music video, to which giving me an idea of what already exists within that field of music, to which enabling me to gather what is expected to be present throughout my video, as well as whether or not I want to opt to follow or go against certain conventions and whether or not this will fit in with the type of video I wish to create. It has also given me an insight into the multiple different conventions which are present throughout some videos but not others, to which seeing when certain ones are applicable depending on what target audience I am aiming to appeal towards.
There are a number of ideas/ inspirations I have gathered through this research. Through watching and analysing a large number of indie genre songs, one convention which I have found which appears to be present in a large number of them is that of changing the visuals to being black and white, which is an idea which I may propose to my group, discussing the possibility of having the visuals within our music video to be consistently black and white.

Miss Miller - analysis of a Star and Dyers Theory

Artists may feel the need to reinvent themselves for a number of reasons, to which in the music industry this has happened on a large number of occasions throughout the years, ranging from the highest tier artists such as Michael Jackson. One reason perhaps is the need to branch out to a wider or different target audience. It would be needed for them to reinvent there image to do these as they have to cater there star portrayal towards what people within that target audience would expect upon them, as well as what they would find as being appealing. Another reason may be so that the artist receives a large amount of media courage from taking a big diverting change in there career, as well as there media portrayal. This would result in them receiving more media coverage through the controversy which is created through doing this, which in turn would assist with making sure that there potential new target audience would be capable of easily seeing the artists transformation.

One example of someone which has done this in the past is the highly talked about artist Justin Bieber, which has arisen controversy over the years as to his change in both music, appearance and media portrayal. His change came in the form of three changes, to which he started off as being a seemingly innocent looking pop artist (an example of one of his songs at the time being "baby"), who appealed mainly towards teenage girls. A few years after his media breakthrough, he begin to break into the hip hop genre with his song "boyfriend", to which his modern day music would be considered more as being electronica or dance, an example of which being "where are you now". His main changes came through the change in his genre of music, which links directly towards the target audience in which his music would be aimed towards. Because of this, alongside his change in music throughout the years, his image and media portrayal changed alongside this, his hair becoming more extravagant as the music genres he explored into progressed, alongside the introduction of him getting tattoos alongside other changes in his appearance, including clothing. His image during his pop genre stage was more innocent looking, which was probably to try and gain as big an audience as possible through looking like a harmless teenagers, and through his transformation to modern day, the change may be to symbolize his sense of rebellion which is often associated with songs which fall under the hip hop and dance genre, by doing so making his image more appealing for that audience in particular.

The artist which I would say has had the biggest change throughout the years in regards to there image within the media alongside there genre of songs is Miley Cyrus, which originated from being a star on the television show "Hanna Montana" on the Disney channel, to which to modern day she has certainly made a change to her and her music. The first music video of hers I shall be analyzing is one of her first music videos "The best of both worlds".

Within the video and song, there is an example of Goodwin's music theory being evident throughout. The music video does have some conventions throughout which would be expected of within the dance genre, one of which being that the clothing being worn by her in the video is quite trendy, which is common throughout videos in the pop genre. This is evident throughout the entire of the video, and is probably done with the aim of it fitting with the high school element and feel towards the portrayal of the video, which links towards the target audience of teens which is evident throughout the music video itself, as that can be seen as being the main demographic in the crowd. Other than the presence of conventions of the pop genre being evident at times, the overwhelming majority of the other 8 elements within good wins theory are not present throughout the music video.

Another Goodwins theory point within the music video is that there is a relationship between the lyrics and visuals. This is Miley Cyrus can be seen throughout the video performing the song lip syncing, while her performance previously has been edited in to match the visuals which can be seen on screen.

The genre of this video is particular is for best of both worlds could arguably fit into two different genres, that of the pop/ rock genre, to which there are a number of conventions of the rock genre which are present throughout, alongside there also being elements of being pop genre conventions. For this reason I shall state one from each individual genre as elements from both are present throughout.

For a rock genre, one which is commonly present throughout songs in the genre can be seen. This can be seen through the use of a low angle camera shot of the guitar player playing. This is common and convention to that of the rock genre as throughout there music videos, music instruments (more specifically electric guitars) are present in nearly every instance, to which is due to the nature of the music and the target audience to which they are trying to appeal to, the instrument itself almost representing the feeling of youth and rebellion (to an extent) which is evident throughout the music video. For this reason the target audience would find this appealing as it is what they would expect to be present for a music video which falls under this genre

For the pop genre elements throughout the video, alongside the presence of having fashionable clothing which is worn by those present throughout the video, another convention which can be seen is related towards the portrayal of the artist, to which they are commonly shown as being very happy and content with life, to which can be seen through the use of mise-en-scene, specifically the facial expression of the artist, to which is of Miley Cyrus smiling for the majority of the music video. This is convention of videos which fall under the pop genre, as the songs are usually of an positive and happy nature. This is appealing towards the target audience of young teens as it assists with the song being feel good and uplifting.

The video represents the artist in a number of ways. Within this music video by Miley Cyrus, she comes across as being fun and happy, to which being portrayed as being a down to earth person. This is evident through a number of things. Firstly, her clothing is controversial or really stand out and unorthodox, rather it is more everyday wear, that would be associated towards your average college girl, to which she appears to be portrayed as, although having an element of popularity/ fame through the lyrics of her song linking towards herself and her idol auto ego Hannah Montana.

The artist is shown as being a product within the music video. I believe this is due to the portrayal of Miley Cyrus throughout, which as mentioned previously is that of just being a down to earth college girl, which she is shown to be as it makes her come across as a more appealing idol because of this. The music videos setting almost looks like a high school performance, to which including the props, as well as the appearance of the other performers on stage. Due to her being placed in this background, it makes the visuals more appealing for the target audience as it is a similar setting to what they would see during there daily life.


The artist is not both ordinary and extraordinary, rather being portrayed as being down to earth and a relatable character. As mentioned in relation to the artists portrayal as well as the setting of the music video itself, this is as she is shown as simply being a college girl but with a famous auto ego (Hannah Montana), which links towards her media portrayal at the time due to that being the case of her hit television show on the Disney channel.

This video doesn't particularly have any references towards hegemony, although because of the nature of the music video and song genre if anything it would stay towards making the fans against hegemony. This is as it is aimed primarily towards teenagers, to which the message told to them by content creators in the music industry is often to rebel against society and social norms and to try and develop individuality. As the video has a very american college feel towards it, the idea of having fun and being young would be said to be present throughout, which is also evident through the colours of the props and sets, which are all very bright and happy colours.


The target audience for this particular music video by Miley Cyrus would be that of teenagers, this is for a number of reasons. This includes aspects such as the song itself coming from Miley Cyrus's time working with the Disney channel, the song itself being associated with her show and Miley at the time. Alongside this, the mise-en-scene use of both the artist and surrounding performers and props leans the video more towards appealing towards primarily a teen/ adolescent target audience. This is evident during a number of points during the music video, one particular example being seen through the use of straight cuts to edit the view point from being upon the artist the that of the crowd and fans, which can be seen to be primarily young teenagers.

As the video itself doesn't appear to have a concept behind it, the only messages and values which seem to be portrayed could be that of school spirit, as well as having fun during your youth. This is evident through the mise-en-scene use throughout the music video, such as the back up performers all wearing clothing which would be associated with the youths of america, to which there are a number of dancing segments. This portrays a happy and carefree vibe towards the viewer of the music video, possibly also promoting school spirit and individuality through this.

Party in the USA is the next video which was created and performed by Miley Cyrus, to which marked another change towards the type and style of music she had branched out to, as well as the start of her graduated change in media portrayal. Within the music video itself, evidence of Goodwin's music theory can be found within.

Alongside this, there is a large number of various genre conventions which can be seen throughout the video, the genre of this video oppose to the last one leaning more towards being part of the dance/ pop genre. The clearest cut genre convention which can be seen which leans more towards being a convention of the dance genre is the prescense of expensive sports cars, which is evident through the mise-en-scene, specifically the props of the cars. This is very conventional to that of the dance genre, being present throughout a large number of popular dance videos, one example being Calvin Harris's song summer, to which the cars are included to symbolize the feeling of youth and freedom. As the owners of the cars appear to be older teen, this enables for the target audience to relate to them as they may have only got there first car, to which the characters throughout are relatable, although also the viewer may aspire to the people and look up to them because of this, providing with both elements. For this reason this appeals towards the target audience by showing them in this relatable way, but to the extent where they are shown as being slightly higher up to the average teen, with the aim of making the viewer to aspire to be like them.

Another convention of the dance genre can be seen near the later end of the music video, to which a choreographed dance segment with back up dancers can be seen. This is achieved through the use of editing, specifically a jump cut to which the location of the video changes from performing on stage to changing to the dance routine. This is a common convention of the dance genre as organised dance segments are often included throughout, having the artists themselves being the main focus of the visuals, often being heavily performance based and having little to no element of having a concept behind the video, to which party in the USA provides with. This appeals towards the target audience as it enables them with more screen time of being able to watch the artist, being able to fully experience there performance of the song.

This particular music video portrays Miley Cyrus as being more mature compared to that of her portrayal in the best of both worlds. Its a similar portrayal to the extent that she is shown as being happy and carefree, emphasizing a strong sense of youth, although it is clear that her image begins to slowly graduate at this point as she has branch out from sticking just to her former Hannah Montana roots, to which she is trying to appeal to older teens through the conventions which can be seen throughout the video. The presence of having conventions such as the sports cars and girls at the beginning start away shows a contrast between the portrayal. In this video she also looks older, wearing what appears to be less makeup, as well as during the dance segment near the end of the video, although only brief it contains some flaunty elements to it briefly, but none the less the video itself has a more mature feel and nature to it, which is radiated through the portrayal of the artist.

I believe that the artist can be viewed as a product to an extent within party in the USA, although this isn't a full on portrayal. Near the very end of the music video, there about a 30 minute segment in which she is performing just on her own with the american flag in the background, by doing so making the focus of the visuals just upon her and the flag. This gives off a strong sense of american patriotism which she and the video itself shows, which could be a low key form of trying to attract american patriotism. Through this, she could arguably be considered as being a product as she is having something such as the american flag to be present for such a long solo segment to get that message across, as a large number of people would eventually end up seeing it one way or another. Although saying this, I believe that it is only to an extent that she is shown as being a product as there is no clear inter textual reference which can be seen throughout, which is often present in big/ popular artists music videos.

The artist I believe is not shown as being both ordinary and extraordinary in the music video, this is for a number of reasons, although it could be argued that at certain segments throughout she could be considered as being extraordinary. For the beginning and the majority of the middle segments, her portrayal is a lot more down to earth, to which she is surrounded by a large number of youths, to which she appears to blend in with them and not particularly stand out, being shown as simply being ordinary. Although saying this, came the later segments of the song, a number of solo segments can be seen to which she is the main focus of the visuals, alongside this she can be seen onstage with a large crowd watching, during these points being shown as being extraordinary. Similar to that of the first music video it links more towards the target audience of the music video as to why she is shown as being a down to earth relate able teenager for long segments.

This video places fans more against hegemony, similar to that of best of both worlds although as this song falls under both the dance and pop genre, alongside the nature of the video, it comes across as portraying a sense of having no rules and defiance, which is shown through a number of outlets. Alongside this, the setting of the video during segments in which the cars can be seen appear to be in a very Barron place, which links towards running away and living free without being ruled or led by anything.

Throughout the video, similar to that of the first video the messages and values which are shown throughout don't differ too much. As this particular song is very performance based and shows very little sign of having a potential concept behind the visuals, or at least a deep rooted and meaningful concept, the only messages and values which can be identified link towards the target audience of that of the video. This relates once again towards the feeling of having fun and being wild and free of rules and restrictions, radiating a feeling of youth and general happiness through the performances and dancing segments. 

We cant stop is the last music video I shall be analyzing, in which she branches out into yet another video of Miley Cyrus's, this being one of her more modern content which she has created. The music video itself has become very popular in recent years, receiving a monumental number of YouTube views Within this music video by Miley Cyrus, she once again opts for the branching out into the pop/ dance genre once again, although the video contains a large number of innuendo's and drug references in comparison to party in the USA.

Goodwin's music theory is also evident throughout this music video, to which it can be seen on a number of occasions. The one which is probably evident throughout the entire duration of the video or at least there are multiple examples of it is the voyeuristic treatment of the female body. One particular example of this can be seen through the use of cinematography, specifically a mid shot of the artist in a sexually explicit position. Images of a similar nature to this are present throughout the entire duration of the music video, to which being a common convention within the genre. This is appealing towards the target audience of the music video, to which is a wide global audience, as it appeals towards a larger diversity of people, this element appealing more towards male viewers although through the controversy of images such as this, the general popularity of the video may increase (which is evident with this video due to its immense YouTube success in regards to the number of views it achieved).

Throughout the music video of we cant stop, a large number of genre conventions from the pop/ dance genre can be seen. As mentioned previously, one of which being the voyeuristic treatment of the female body, another frequently used convention is that of the presence of having inter textual reference throughout the video, linking towards Goodwins music theory once again. At the beginning of the video this is evident as a beats pill can be seen. This is done with the aim of the wide audience to view the video, to which a large number of people it is advertised towards. This is appealing towards the target audience as the item itself links towards music and the music genre, and is a global and well known name.

Another genre convention which can be seen throughout the video can be seen almost instantly after the appearance of the inter textual reference, to which the artist Miley Cyrus can be seen wearing a large amount of gold jewelry, as well as having gold being put into her mouth. This can be seen through the iconography of the items themselves, to which are commonly present and certainly conventional to that of the genre. This is done to portray the artist as having a lot of money and genuinely being successful, giving them a positive image, to which may cause the viewer to aspire towards being them. For this reason it appeals towards the target audience as it portrays the artist in a positive and aspiring way.

Within this video, the representation of Miley Cyrus certainly differs to that of the previous videos, still having the sense of defiance and fun although this is shown in a more mature and raunchy way. Throughout many segments throughout the video she can be seen as showing her body off and wearing very little clothing, to which many sexual references are made. This drastic change in portrayal which can be seen from originally being the innocent young girl to the rebellious media icon which can be seen throughout this video could be done to strongly emphasis her change in portrayal, in doing so altering the group of people in which she appeals towards. Because of this within this video she is shown as not caring about what is expected of her and what has done in the past, and tries to promote this feeling to her viewer base also.

In this instance, I believe that the artist can in fact be viewed as being a product for a multiple number of reasons which is evident throughout. One main reason which is evident straight from the off at the beginning of the video is through the presence of having inter textual reference being present, in which a beats pill can be seen being played by the artist. As the video pre release would have been expected to receive a large number of YouTube views (which it did), as well as music channel views, having inter textual references being evident are done so that the low key advertising is viewed by as large an audience as possible.

The video is almost certainly against hegemony, to which I believe for a number of reasons. There are multiple segments throughout the video in which a strong sense of defiance is displayed, which can be seen through both the use of visuals as well as the lyrics themselves. Alongside the nature of the lyrics actually liking towards such an idea, there are multiple references to this idea being present throughout the video occurring from start to end. More so occurring at the end specifically, Miley Cyrus can be seen with other young adults in which they are laying down together as the sun goes down, which is symbolic to the freedom of youth, and generally letting off a care free vibe to the viewer which is also evident through the use of mise-en-scene, specifically the relax body posture of those present within the shot.

The target audience for this video I would say is teens, more so like the target audience for party in the USA due to the genre and nature of songs although instead it is catered more towards older teens appose to younger ones. This is evident throughout the difference in nature of the images which are present throughout, such as the voyeuristic treatment of the female body, alongside references to sex and drugs and other adult themes and such, whereas with the previous two videos the target audience was younger hence why the content was genuinely more tame.

I believe there are quite a few potential messages and values which are portrayed throughout the video, although due to the strange nature of the visuals throughout the entire duration of the video, potential concepts are going to be very subjective. There are many strange and unorthodox images which can be seen throughout the video, most noticeable which can be seen at the beginning. An example of one potential message could be seen through the use of cinematography, specifically a mid shot of a skull made out of fast food chips. This could possibly portray a negative message towards fast food and the fast food industry, which is achieved through the use of the skull being associated towards death. Another message/ value which the artist portrays throughout the video is that of promiscuity, as well as not caring about what others think and to genuinely just enjoy yourself and to have fun and act stupid and young, being not what is of expected of them.  

Overall, Miley Cyrus has clearly had a change in both her content which she has created, including her portrayal within the videos, as well her media portrayal and the target audiences which she is trying to appeal towards. I believe that the main reasons as to why she has changed so much over the years comes down to what audience she is aiming to appeal towards, which is heavily influenced by her portrayal. For this reason, originally catering towards younger teens in the best of both worlds, in party in the USA her appearance had evidently changed slightly so it was more appealing towards that audience, rather than just sticking to her Disney channel roots and the fan base she had originally gathered from her days back then. Due to this, to eradicate this image of being an innocent young girl which had been implied recently from her long standing fan base, the drastic change from her previous image to her new own is most probably done to branch out into a larger target audience, getting rid of the stigma of her fans only being young teens beforehand.

This research will help me decide upon which artist I want to opt for through a number of ways. Although the genre of music produced by Miley Cyrus is not of what I want to venture into, it has alerted me to the importance of maintaining a target audience, this is as the reason as why she has made so many changes in the past in regards to her content and media portrayal is due to this. This is a vital element when it comes to creating and releasing content due to it being the core to its potential success or failure as it is created for the viewers and general public, so it is essential that it is being catered towards the intended audience.

Miss Georgiou - Analysis of music genres

Music  videos appeal towards audiences for a number of reasons, and there are a number of ways as to why a music video for a particular song would be requested by an audience. Music videos allow for an artist to be portrayed and seen in a different way to there fan base, which may show a different side of there character. From doing this, it may allow for an artist to appeal towards a larger number of people and branch out to a bigger number of people, expanding there target audience. Another reason as to why they are appealing is as an artist may be able to showcase a talent of there's a performing skills, or to show a live gig or performance but accessible to everyone. From doing this, it may entice the new viewers to want to purchase concert tickets for the artist. Music videos often focuses upon the artist themselves, which allows for the portrayal of the artist to be clearer acknowledged. This is beneficial for the viewers as the artist they are fans of they can see more of, being able to see what they are wearing and there performances. Music videos may appeal towards audiences through the controversy that may be present throughout, which they may find interesting and unique. Another big reason as to why a viewer may opt to watch a music video is because the lyrics in the song which may be telling a story might not be capable of fully telling it without the assistance of visuals to co-inside with it, allowing the viewer to fully experience the story this way.

During a number of segments throughout the music video, the screen goes from a colourful screen to that of a black and white screen, where drake is the main focus of the visuals on screen. One particular instance of this happening can be seen near the middle part of the song, where through the use a close up drake is the main focus of the visuals. Through the use of the conflicting images which can be seen, this makes the audiences attention draw directly towards that of the artist drake. This is beneficial for the artist as it allows for his face to be the main focus as he performs the lyrics of the song. This would appeal towards the target audience as the visuals don't have any distractions in the background this way, by doing so allowing for the audience to watch just drake perform the lyrics and performance, allowing them to experience the music video and artist to the full. This could enable the viewer/ target audience to build a relationship with the artist as they are displaying a direct mode of address towards the camera, possibly showing a different side to the artist, or bringing more meaning to the lyrics/ performance which can be seen. This is a common convention within the rap genre as the songs themselves are often heavily centered around the artist themselves, enabling the audience to get a better insight into them through the creation of a music video and having segments such as this present throughout.


Multiple genre conventions are present throughout this music video by drake, another of which can be seen through the use of cinematography, specifically camera use of a long shot of drake being edited with florescent lights around his body while he is demonstrating a slumped, beaten down body posture. This is conventional of the rap music genre as the videos which fall within the genre can often be relating towards real life experiences/ personal stories of there's, to which they are beaten down and rise from this, which is evident throughout this video. This appeals towards the target audience as they can see this as a form of inspiration, and through the creation of the music video itself, it allows for this feeling to be portrayed fully through the prescience of the artist themselves alongside the other visuals.

Another instance throughout the video in which a common convention of the rap genre can be seen is evident near the middle segment of the video. This is through the use of flames while drake is performing the song, to which subtitles for the lyrics being said are edited in alongside the flames, flames being a convention which is commonly present throughout rap music videos. The particular use of editing used to see this is (idk again). Through this use of editing, this appeals towards the target audience to which drake is trying to appeal to. Firstly the association people would associate with fire could be argued to be that of pain, which is actually a lyric which is being said during the same segment. This is appealing as the nature of the music video may be inspiring to drake fans as it follows the principal of overcoming the bad in your past, which is symbolized through the conflict of the bright and prosperous colours during other segments of the music video, compared to that of this segment. Through watching the music video this allows for the audience to be able to fully experience the message being portrayed and to get the full experience of the song, the lyrics not being quite able to fully emphasize this. This is common of the genre as well as songs which fall under the rap genre can often be able life experiences which the artist has gone through, or a message they are trying to portray, to which within the music videos which are then created this images are recreated to be psychically be seen on screen.

The music video itself has a large amount of well executed editing throughout it, another particular instance of this being through the use of freezing the frame within the video, to which there is two different frames being shown at once, one being of drake performing, while doing so there being a large group of people moving in the background, coming together to make one image. This form of editing is known as (idk fam). This is typical of the rap genre of music as it is conventional to have the artist to be the main focus of the image of the frame performing the form lyrics, yet at the same time while doing so

At the beginning of the music video by drake, straight from the off a very common convention of the rap genre can be seen straight from the off. Drake can be seen wearing a gold chain around his neck at the very beginning of the video, straight from the off establishing that the video falls under the rap genre. Also, during later segments of the music video, once the introduction of woman come in, they can also be seen wearing expensive looking jewellery. The use of jewellery and chains is frequently common throughout music videos which fall under the rap genre, to which could be done for a number of reasons, often relating to the portrayal of the artist at hand. Typically the lyrics throughout rap videos often consist of women and money, so through the presence of such it shows them as being successful and powerful. This appeals towards the target audience as it shows the artist as being admirable and successful, which the target audience of 14-30 year olds would look up towards.

Within the music video "Summer" by Calvin Harris, a number of generic genre conventions within the dance genre can be seen, as well as a number of aspects within the video which appeal towards his target audience (15-29).

Near the middle segment of the song a low angle shot of the muscular man wearing sunglasses can be seen. This is conventional to the dance genre as the man himself is Vin diesel, a well known figure so having a successful well known person present isn't uncommon of the genre. This is as the portrayal of the known people in dance music videos often portray them as being successful and on occasion powerful, showing the image of being "cool". This is appealing towards the target audience as this way the music video contains components which they would be used to and would expect, as well as seeing a familiar face. This is mainly appealing due to the portrayal of people throughout the video, which is that of being able to relate to them as they aren't shown as being extraordinary, but good enough to the point where the viewer may aspire to be like them.

Near the later segment of the music video, the screen goes from that of the cars racing and the focus being on that of Calvin Harris, which then transitions to a jump cut to a dance scene setting. Through the use of the jump cut, the drastic change in shot/ scenery alerts the viewer to this change. This is a very commonly used convention which is present throughout the dance genre. This is as there is almost always an element of there being a dance scene/ setting present throughout the music video, portraying a feeling of fun and youth, linking towards the sense of rebellion and not caring about there actions which is frequently present in music videos. This would be appealing towards the target audience of those aged 15-29 which are fans of the dance genre for a number of reasons. Firstly the target audience would often want and expect there to be a sense of rebellion throughout a dance music video, which is a theme which is present throughout and can be seen portrayed throughout this sequence. Through the use of the jump cut, the party atmosphere is further emphasized as it happens so drastically, which may appeal towards the audience as then the visuals appear to be faster paced.

For the dance music genre, there are a large number of conventions which are always expected to be present throughout there's music videos, to which this particular song of Calvin Harris follows, making the video very mainstream and accessible. Another convention of the genre which is present within the video can be seen at the very beginning, to which a straight cut is used to show a half knackered woman laying on a bed. This is very conventional to the dance music genre, also linking towards the idea which Goodwin proposed. Within the theory he stated that within music videos there is often the presence of objectifying the female body, which can clearly be seen here and at other points within the song. This is conventional as dance music videos always have a sexually explicit element to them, making them appeal more towards a male orientated market. Saying this, the target audience for this video would appeal more towards males although not strictly, as Calvin Harris is a widely well known artist which has a big following and popular music, also appealing towards young people in general, often around the 15-29 mark.

Alongside the use of portraying females in a sexually explicit way, another very common genre convention is present throughout the video. This is established and shown to the viewer at the beginning once again. Through the use of mes-en-scene, the use of having sports cars can be seen within the video, to which girls are surrounding them. This is very conventional to the dance genre, this is as dance music videos often have a strong sense of having fun, freedom and rebellion, to which the cars can be seen drag racing. Alongside this, the cars themselves also have an association between being strong and successful as they are expensive sports cars. This feeling is often portrayed throughout the videos so that the viewer can have a sense of fun and freedom, relating themselves with those in the video, but alongside this being capable of aspiring to those within the video. This appeals towards the target audience of those aged 15-29 due to these aspects, as those within the video are also young and fit in within that age range, and through the use of creating a successful, fun and free sensing atmosphere it might result in an entertaining watch for the viewer. As the video itself received such a large number of views of YouTube, its appeal towards the target audience through the use of so many genre conventions is clearly evident.


For the last point on Calvin Harris's music video for "summer", the artist can be seen performing part of the song on his own near the middle/ later end of the song. The terminology use which can be seen on screen is the use of cinematography, specifically the use of tracking, to which the camera tracks the path which Calvin Harris walks. This is conventional of the dance genre as the focus of the visuals is purely upon the artist while performing the lyrics of the song, to which it draws sole attention towards the artist, his/ her performance and the lyrics. This appeals towards the target audience as they get to see more of the artist within the video. They also get to see a clearer perspective for the artist themselves, also allowing for them to see the lyrics being performed, perhaps making them more meaningful and significant. 

The last video I shall be looking at falls under the pop genre of music, the son being called "blank space" by taylor swift. The music video for this song has in fact over a billion views, being a very popular music video and song, to which it appeals towards a wide audience.

Nearing the very opening part of Taylor Swifts music video, the use of panning can be seen of a very expensive and stylish car is shown. This is very conventional to the pop music genre and music videos in genre for a number of reasons. In regards specifically for music videos, the items and clothing which are seen throughout are often very stylish, classy and or expensive, often to assist with the portrayal of the artist or an individual present throughout the video. This portrays the man and Taylor swift as being wealthy and glamorous. This appeals towards the target audience as the music video itself and the song is centered around relationships and the relationship shown throughout, which listeners of the song can relate to through there own personal experiences, yet through such glamorous items it also makes them admirable alongside being relate able, making the viewer admire them and aspire to be like them.

Also near the beginning of the music video, the camera begins to slowly zoom into Taylor swifts face while she is performing a segment the camera zooms in to her face, in which the full screen focus's upon Taylor swift and her only. This is conventional to the pop music videos that fall into that genre for a number of reasons. Firstly it makes sure that the artist is the main focus of the song and visuals, by doing so giving fans of the artist to be able to fully experience the artist, there performance as well as portrayal. Also, as the camera is zoomed so close onto her face it enables the viewer to be able to fully see the emotion and facial expression of the artist. All of which appeal towards the target audience as through being able to get a clear perspective on the artist, the viewer can fully experience the message and narrative which is being shown within the video, to which relating to relationships which the audience can relate to. Because of this it enables for a relationship to be formed easier through making the visuals seem more personal to that of the viewer through the main focus of the screen being the artist during this segment.

Also occurring at the beginning of the song again (although bring present at later segments also, more specifically happening at the end), there are also provocative elements which can be seen. This can be seen through the use of mise-en-scene, specifically the clothing of the artist of Taylor Swift which is of a quite revealing nature. This is conventional to the pop music genre, mainly so because of the aim of what is intended to be achieved with pop videos, which is to be as appealing to as large an audience as possible. Through doing this, it appeals towards a male audience through the sexual images, although another way in which it could appeal towards a wider audience could be through potential controversy caused, which could result in it receiving more press coverage, alongside spreading through word of mouth, all of which assisting in the popularity of the video. For this reason the use of having provocative elements throughout does in fact appeal towards the target audience.

Near the later end of the music video, to which the narrative throughout is coming to an end, the artist Taylor Swift can be seen through the mise- en-scene in the shot, through her messy hair and makeup. This is done to reflect how the artist feels within the video, portraying there emotions through the use of the mise-en-scene. Due to this it is clear that at this point her character/ portrayal is that of instability and misery. This is convention tot the pop music genre for a number of reasons. Through this portrayal which would only be able to be witnessed through the music videos visuals, it enables for the artists emotions to be fully shown to the viewer, through doing so being able to fully tell the story of the narrative better, enabling for the full experience for the viewer. Also, it portrays the artist in a certain way, which could differ from what image they may have established throughout the media beforehand. This appeals towards the target audience as this way the viewer can see a different side of the artist, perhaps showing them in a more down to earth light, making them seem easier to relate to, possibly resulting in a relationship to be built between artist. Through showing the emotions, the artist would opt to watch the music video oppose to just listening to the lyrics only because of the narrative and concept behind the song to fully be experienced.


Near the very end of the music video, the artist Taylor Swift can be seen having a very distressed facial expression, an example of cinematography use. This links there being a relationship between the lyrics of the song and the visuals which can be seen by the viewer. This is conventional of the pop music genre as they are very popular and well known, so they often have a music video which is accessible to a wide audience and easily understandable, to which they regularly have an element of the visuals correlating between the lyrics of the song. This is appealing towards the target audience of the video as through showing her as being distressed which links towards her emotions being portrayed throughout the narrative of the video as this segment is near the end of the narrative in which the relationship breaks down, to which where the concept of the video is shown, allowing for the viewer to see the artists emotions and to enhance the full experience of watching the artist and being told the concept.

Technical elements vary in a number of different ways depending on the genre of music at hand. This is as the elements within have to be catered towards what is expected upon for that genre and what the target audience want and expect to see. Because of this, genre conventions which are present through music videos in the dance genre differ to that of pop, for example within the pop genre one common convention is the presence of cars and money due to the portrayal of the song and artist, whereas with a pop song one big convention would be having lyrics or a sense of love being portrayed throughout.
Music videos appeal to artists for a large number of reasons, depending on what an individual seeks to see within a music video. One reason could be perhaps that there is a concept behind the song itself which requires a music video to be able to fully experience what is trying to be told, for this reason someone might opt to go out of there way to watch a music video for a particular song oppose to just listening to it. Another reason as to why a music video may appeal to an audience is that they are able to see another side towards an artist, showing a side they might not perhaps had known existed.
The audience is able to build a relationship with the artist through the creation of something like a music video. This is as through seeing a different side to them, or being told a personal story of there's, or just generally getting a feeling of being close to the artist, it enables them to relate to them and build a relationship upon this. This would often be achieved through the use of having a close up upon the artist, in which they show a direct mode of address towards the camera, while doing so continuing to perform the song.
There's are a number of ideas/ inspirations I can apply to my own content which I am going to create. Despite all of the genres which have been analysed don't fall under the category I intend to go into to, I am now aware as to what would be expected to be seen within these genres, by doing so I can make sure that I don't incorporate aspects present in videos such as these for a song which and genre which it wouldn't suit. Also, I have a better indication as to what methods there are of enabling the viewer to be able to create a relationship with the artist through there presentation and representation throughout the music video.
One main inspiration I have taken from this analysis that would apply to my intended genre when coming to create my music video would be related to the portrayal of the artist in regards to showing themselves directly towards the audience, as evident in drakes song above. Through doing this it will allow for the audience to connect with the artist on a deeper level and to enable for a relationship to be created between them, showing them as being down to earth (yet admirable), while doing so showing a more personal side towards them.